The processing of compound feed is the key to ensure the performance of feed products and the economy of the factory. With advanced equipment and good processing technology, it can not only save manpower and material resources, but also obtain excellent products. Therefore, monitoring the quality of each technological process in the production process plays an important role in the quality control of compound feed products. In addition, the key point of quality control is to measure the feed ingredients strictly according to the feed formula to ensure the normal processing. The following is a summary of the quality control in each process of compound feed, in order to provide a theoretical reference for its large-scale and specialized production.
QUALITY CONTROL OF RAW MATERIAL CLEANING
The main raw materials and by-products shall be cleaned to remove iron, the organic impurities shall not exceed 50 mg / kg, the diameter shall not exceed 10 mm, the magnetic impurities shall not exceed 50 mg / kg, the diameter shall not exceed 2 mm, and in order to ensure safety, a grid screen with a distance of 3040mm should be installed on the feeding pit to remove impurities, and the iron removal process should be carried out before the feed material is comminuted or granulated. In addition, the staff to regularly check the cleaning equipment and magnetic separation equipment working conditions, to see whether there is damage and plugging, and other circumstances, regular cleaning of various mechanical equipment residues.
Quality control of raw material comminution
The grinding process of feed mainly controls the size and uniformity of the grinding particles. Too Large or too small feed particles can lead to the segregation of feed, thus destroying the uniformity of feed products (Zhao Yilao et Al. , 2005) . There is an appropriate feed size range for each type of livestock and poultry, such as formula feed for piglets, growing and finishing pigs, as well as for broiler chickens, 99% of the feed for laying reserve chickens (pre-feed) passes through a 2.8 mm woven sieve and no whole grain is allowed 1.4 mm braided sieve upper not more than 15% . The operator of the pulverizer should always pay attention to observe the pulverizing capacity of the pulverizer and the material size discharged by the pulverizer. One of the reasons for the abnormal pulverizing capacity of the pulverizer (the current of the pulverizer is too small) is that the screen of the PULVERIZER has been broken through If the grain size of material is too big, if whole grain or coarse grain is found, the machine should be stopped in time to check whether there are holes in the screen mesh of the crusher or the screen mesh is out of place and the gap between its side baffle is formed. Secondly, should often check whether the mill has heating phenomenon, if there is heating phenomenon, should eliminate the possibility of crusher blocking material phenomenon, observe whether the current overload crusher. Finally, should regularly check whether the hammer mill wear, each shift to check whether there are loopholes, leaks and dislocation, and so on.
3 quality control of batching
3.1 metering of RAW MATERIALS
According to the technological requirements of the production of formula feed, there are two main metering methods at present, one is metering of raw material without crushing, which is metering of raw material according to formula requirements before crushing And then the raw material has been measured and prepared for crushing, mixing and granulation operations. The advantages of this process are that it is more convenient to crush, the same raw material only needs to be stored in one place, and the storage space of feed is saved. The disadvantage is that the error between formula feed product and formula is large, the higher the moisture content of raw material is, the more the weight is lost after grinding, which not only affects its absolute proportion in formula, also affects the overall mix proportion and the relative proportion of other raw materials. The better way to overcome this shortcoming is to increase the insurance factor of feed measurement, the loss of general processing process can be considered by 5% ~ 10% , the moisture content is higher, the raw material size is larger, the insurance ratio can be increased appropriately (Chen Guangdong, 2015) . The second way is to measure the raw materials, that is, crushing the raw materials separately according to the unified specifications and then storage separately, and then according to the requirements of the formula with crushed raw materials, directly after mixing, granulating and other processes. The process error is relatively small, but to increase the storage space, a raw material should be stored in at least two places. medium-and large-scale production of formula feed is generally produced in this way, the measurement is more accurate, and the mixing error is smaller According to the formula requirements of measurement with easy to meet the nutritional requirements of the formula quality.
3.2 MEASUREMENT OF TRACE COMPONENTS
The compounding measurement of trace components is complicated and error-prone. In the formula feed, such components mainly include vitamins, micronutrient, non-nutritive additives, calcium, phosphorus and table salt, etc. The stoichiometric mixture for handling such ingredients should be calculated from the amount of mixture to be added to all trace feed at one time in the mixer, and then divided into several parts to be concentrated separately. If all the added vitamins are concentrated as one part, and the micronutrient, calcium, phosphorus, and table salt are concentrated as one part, and the nonnutritive additives are concentrated as one part, or are concentrated in only two parts, one part is mineral feed, the other part is other trace feed ingredients, including synthetic amino acids. When ready, each batch of mineral elements is added into the mixer according to the requirements and the prepared trace elements are recorded. In order to reduce the loss of trace elements, the mineral elements are finally added into the Mixer Other trace elements should not be added at the same time as mineral elements. It is better to add energy feed or protein feed into the mixer separately. Do not directly touch the wall of the mixer. After the premix portion of the formula feed is added into the mixer, turn it back on and mix.
4 Quality Control of Mixing
The mixing quality control of feed is closely related to the correct operation of the mixing process. In production, attention should be paid to the order in which raw materials are added Such as vitamins, micronutrient and medicines in the PREMIX. In addition to grease and other liquid raw materials, to be sprayed from the upper nozzle of the mixer, as far as possible into the fog to prevent the formation of feed into the ball or formation. Before the liquid material is added, all dry materials must be mixed evenly, and the mixing time should be extended accordingly. The residue in the mixer should be cleaned when the variety is changed. The optimum mixing time depends on the type of mixer and the nature of raw materials. Generally, manufacturers of mixer provide reasonable mixing time. If the mixing time is not enough, the mixing is not uniform Too much time can cause separation by excessive mixing (Ye Liru, 1999) .
Mixing should pay attention to its control points. When mixing, it is necessary to choose a suitable mixer. In general, the screw belt mixer is used more. This type of mixer has higher production efficiency and faster discharging speed, while the conical planet mixer has higher price, but it has good performance and less material residue Mixing uniformity is high, and can add oil and other liquid raw materials, is a more suitable pre-mixing equipment. The mixing uniformity and the best mixing time should be checked regularly, the mixing uniformity of materials will be affected if the time is too long or too short, and the gap between the screw belt and the bottom shell should be adjusted in time, and the mixer should be maintained regularly to eliminate material leakage Clean up residual materials. When changing the formula, the mixer must be thoroughly cleaned to prevent cross-contamination. For the cleaning out of the feed is usually deep buried or burned, vacuum cleaner recycled materials should not be directly into the mixer, to be tested after the treatment of ingredients. In order to avoid cross-contamination, pre-mixing operation should be separated from main mixing operation, the transportation distance of finished product should be reduced as far as possible, the grading of feed should be prevented, and the pre-mixing feed should be bagged directly after mixing.
5 QUALITY CONTROL OF PRODUCT FORMING
The production rate and quality of feed are not only related to the performance of forming equipment, but also to a great extent depend on the performance of raw material forming and conditioning process. The technological conditions of pelleting are determined according to the physical and chemical characteristics of the main raw materials in feed formula and the pelleting performance of the Diet. Pelletizing quality includes feed forming quality and nutrition quality, pelletizing process includes cold pelletizing and steam hot pelletizing, for suckling pig and piglet feed, hot pelletizing is better, and the technical process required by hot pelletizing is more complicated Not only the proper mechanical equipment, but also the proper steam quality, i. e. the proper interaction among steam, feed and machinery, is required to produce high quality hot-pressed particles. High Quality Pellet feed can be obtained by controlling the suitable steam pressure, the temperature in the conditioner (about 80 °C) , the conditioning time (about half a minute in general, and the double conditioners if necessary to ensure the conditioning quality) and the pelletizing speed.
In the process of granulating, we should pay attention to the inspection and maintenance of the granulating equipment, clean the magnets on the granulator once a shift, remove the iron slag, check the wear condition of the pressing die and roller, and check whether the cooler has accumulated material Check regularly the wear condition of roller teeth and cutter and the working condition of the steam trap to ensure the quality of steam entering the conditioner, and check every shift whether the screen surface is damaged, blocked and bonded To ensure the grading effect. The conditioning treatment before pelleting has a great effect on improving the pelletizing performance and the rate of pellet formation. The general conditioning time is 10 ~ 20s, and prolonging the conditioning time can improve the conditioning effect. In addition, to control the pressure of the steam and the condensed water content in the steam, the moisture content of the modified feed is 16% ~ 18% , and the temperature is 68 ~ 82 °C This minimizes contact and reduces wear and tear.
6 Packaging Quality Management
The staff should check whether the work of the packing scale is normal, its set weight should be consistent with the required weight of the packing, the error should be controlled at 1% ~ 2% , and check whether the packed feed and the packing bag and the feed label are correct. Packaging personnel should always pay attention to the appearance of feed, found abnormal circumstances should be handled in a timely manner, to ensure the quality of sewing bags, can not leak and drop line. The key of quality control lies in the management of personnel. Qualified quality control personnel should be familiar with the production process, be familiar with the running condition of the equipment, and point out the equipment faults which affect the quality and the wrong operation which violate the operating rules in time. Every day should check whether the theoretical amount of the stock of additives is in line with the actual amount, read the record carefully, the measuring instruments should be calibrated, the measuring instruments should be repaired and calibrated by the legal measuring department every year, and the production plan should be clear Monitor the production plan according to production plan and warehouse inventory. Additives should be checked to see if they are out of date because they have been in stock for too long. The mouth of artificial additives should be checked regularly to prevent additives, grease, whey powder, etc. from being added less, more or by mistake, and the mixer should be adjusted quarterly The mixing uniformity (CV) of the mixer is 5% . To supervise the workshop regularly and carry out regular cleaning of the mixer, pit, cellar, silo, Buffer Bin, granulating system and packing system, especially the granulating system’s conditioner, feeder, exhaust pipe and air shut-off device, etc. After clean-up must spray anti-chemical drugs, anti-chemical drugs must be harmless to people and animals, leaving little residue. In addition, care should be taken to check whether the particle size meets the requirements of the finished product, whether the screen Mesh of the grinder is broken, whether the granulation system is blocked, whether the exhaust pipe is broken, whether the granulation parameters are appropriate, whether the granulation effect meets the requirements, etc. .
7 SUMMARY
In the production of feed, it is necessary to select appropriate machinery and equipment and fine technology, measure the ingredients according to the requirements of feed formula, strictly grasp the key elements of each link and follow the regulation management, and pay attention to social and economic benefits To ensure the processing quality of the finished feed products.
Contact details for the animal feed mill machines
Becca Lu
+86 153 7309 2014
www.chinafeedmill.com
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